期望落差与互联网新创企业狙击型国际化——基于资源条件与市场环境二元情境视角

互联网新创企业国际化战略目标及实施路径独具特色，逐渐成为研究热点。以北京小桔科技有限公司为案例对象，基于业绩反馈理论和前景理论，构建“期望落差-二元情境-狙击型国际化”的研究框架，系统揭示互联网新创企业狙击型国际化行为及实现机制。研究发现：期望落差促使互联网新创企业实施狙击型国际化战略，资源条件与市场环境二元情境在其中具有调节作用，即在资源劣势-市场壁垒高情境下采取“组合拳”模式的狙击型国际化，在资源劣势-市场壁垒低情境下采取界内合作模式的狙击型国际化，在资源优势-市场壁垒高情境下采取跨界协作模式的狙击型国际化，在资源优势-市场壁垒低情境下采取市场控制模式的狙击型国际化。     

Firm listing status and the investment home bias

Are public firm investment rates more sensitive than private firm rates to new investment opportunities? We offer a new explanation for differences in public and private firm investment sensitivities: investment sensitivities differ because the type of investments favored by firms varies with their listing status. Specifically, we consider the geography of investment opportunities and find that private firms have a much stronger investment home-bias than similar public firms which makes their investment decisions more sensitive to local investment opportunities than public firms. Controlling for local investment opportunities explains four-fifths of the differential sensitivity between public and private firms not explained by more traditional measures of investment opportunities.     

网络双重嵌入与大学生新创企业绩效：双元创业学习的中介与自我效能的调节作用

基于创业网络理论、创业学习理论和创业成长理论，构建创业网络双重嵌入、双元创业学习、自我效能以及大学生新创企业绩效内在逻辑关系模型。基于168份大学生新创企业样本数据，应用结构方程模型进行实证研究。结果表明，相比网络关系嵌入，网络结构嵌入对大学生新创企业绩效的正向影响更为显著；相比网络结构嵌入，网络关系嵌入对大学生创业学习的影响更为显著；大学生创业学习在网络结构和网络关系嵌入影响大学生新创企业绩效中均发挥部分中介作用，且对网络关系作用传导更明显；自我效能正向调节网络结构嵌入和关系嵌入对大学生新创企业绩效的影响。     

明代地方官府赋役核算体系的早期发展

明洪武到弘治年间,州县官府的赋役管理从基本不依赖核算向需要且能够进行核算的状态转变。洪武、永乐时期,在官府体系内部,只有田赋被部分地纳入核算管理,其他赋役征发则完全或绝大部分无法计量,也没有计划性。宣德以降,地方官员吸收民间粮里阶层分担赋役负担的经验,在此基础上进行旨在“均平”的改革,以确保赋役的可持续征发。在探索均平之道的过程中,不同地方官员多采取量化赋役负担、预定征收计划、将派征对象标准化并进行摊派核算的方式。其中,田赋额等开始扮演摊派对象的角色。这开启了州县层面赋役征收核算体系的发展之路,也导致府、州、县与户、工等部及布政使司之间产生了赋役核算信息不对称,出现了二重会计结构。     

The impact of dual network structure on firm performance: the moderating effect of innovation strategy

ABSTRACT

Firm innovation is embedded in a collaboration network among researchers and a knowledge network composed of knowledge elements; the two networks are decoupled. Guided by social network theory, this study puts forward the definition and the classification of firm dual network structure, probes into the influence of dual network structure on firm performance, and explores the alignment between innovation strategy and firm dual network structure. We conduct an empirical study of 183 listed companies in China from 2004 to 2018. It is found that the four types of dual network structure all have positive impacts on firm performance, and the impact of a collaboration network is slightly higher than that of a knowledge network. Besides, innovation strategy plays a positive moderating role in the relationship between dual network structure and firm performance. Our findings provide new ideas for firms to identify and optimise knowledge and collaboration network structures and match them with innovation strategy to improve performance.     

Operating synergy and marketplace performance of dual-branded hotels

Dual-branded hotels have received great attention in the industry recently. Our study uniquely examines the dual branding effects in two dimensions of synergy (operation and marketplace) and the role of dual branding composition in creating synergy. Based on the property-level data, this study conducts a systematic analysis to verify these benefits using a fixed-effects model and a matched-sample analysis. There are three key findings. First, the benefit of dual branding mainly comes from operating synergy. Dual branding could lower revenue volatility for all dual-branded hotels and reduce operating costs for those paired with the same-class hotels. Second, dual branding on marketplace performance varies by property characteristics. Third, the anchoring effect is asymmetric. In a different-class dual-branded hotel pair, the higher-class hotel’s occupancy is anchored down but the lower-class hotel’s occupancy is not anchored up.     

On dividends in the phase–type dual risk model

The dual risk model assumes that the surplus of a company decreases at a constant rate over time, and grows by means of upward jumps which occur at random times with random sizes. In the present work, we study the dual risk renewal model when the waiting times are phase-type distributed. Using the roots of the fundamental and the generalized Lundberg’s equations, we get expressions for the ruin probability and the Laplace transform of the time of ruin for an arbitrary single gain distribution. Then, we address the calculation of expected discounted future dividends particularly when the individual common gains follow a phase-type distribution. We further show that the optimal dividend barrier does not depend on the initial reserve. As far as the roots of the Lundberg equations and the time of ruin are concerned, we address the existing formulae in the corresponding Sparre-Andersen insurance risk model for the first hitting time, and we generalize them to cover also the situations where we have multiple roots. We do that working a new approach and technique, approach we also use for working the dividends, unlike others, it can be also applied for every situation.     

Expected shortfall estimation for apparently infinite-mean models of operational risk

Statistical analyses on actual data depict operational risk as an extremely heavy-tailed phenomenon, able to generate losses so extreme as to suggest the use of infinite-mean models. But no loss can actually destroy more than the entire value of a bank or of a company, and this upper bound should be considered when dealing with tail-risk assessment. Introducing what we call the dual distribution, we show how to deal with heavy-tailed phenomena with a remote yet finite upper bound. We provide methods to compute relevant tail quantities such as the Expected Shortfall, which is not available under infinite-mean models, allowing adequate provisioning and capital allocation. This also permits a measurement of fragility. The main difference between our approach and a simple truncation is in the smoothness of the transformation between the original and the dual distribution. Our methodology is useful with apparently infinite-mean phenomena, as in the case of operational risk, but it can be applied in all those situations involving extreme fat tails and bounded support.     

开放型技术双元、交互吸收能力与企业国际化进入模式选择

选取2008—2019年中国研发活跃度较高的4个行业269家上市企业为样本,采用层次回归模型和Logit模型分析中国企业开放型技术双元能力和不同技术组合交互吸收调节作用对企业绩效的影响,从双元吸收角度对企业国际化进入模式选择进行比较后发现：①中国企业开放型技术双元具有显著开发型和内向型特征,企业跨国双元吸收能力不足造成组织开放型双元压力,并对企业跨国多元化经营和长期绩效产生抑制作用;②相对于技术风险、制度风险和多元化风险,双元吸收风险成为中国企业绩效提升与国际化进入模式选择互动关系的优先考虑,具有较高跨国探索吸收能力的中国新兴行业企业倾向于选择跨国并购模式,而母国双元、跨国双元间交互吸收能力较高的制造业企业倾向于选择绿地投资模式;③中国企业国际化路径选择实践表明,比较竞争优势能够有效弥补后发国家企业跨国双元吸收能力不足的缺陷,并使企业国际化模式选择多元化,反映出开放型双元吸收能力是后发国家企业国际化进入模式选择的充分非必要条件。     

试析二元结构论在我国统筹城乡中的应用

二元结构论指出发展中国家改变经济落后面貌的根本出路在于转移传统农业部门中的大量剩余劳动力到现代城市工业部门,通过城乡经济的协调发展消除城乡差距、促进国家经济发展。文章认为在我国统筹城乡发展中应该应用二元结构论促进农业剩余劳动力的转移、大力发展现代农业和农村工业、加快农村城镇化发展进程,逐步实现城乡一体化。